HTML is one of the most important website components.

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. Don't worry, it may sound technical, but in this article, we will explain what HTML is, complete with its history, components, functions, and how it works.

What is HTML?

Hypertext Markup Language or HTML is a markup language used to create web pages. Its contents consist of various codes that can compose the structure of a website.

HTML consists of a combination of text and symbols stored in a file. In creating HTML files, there are standards or special formats that must be followed. The format has been stated in the international code standard or ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange).

<p> Bali is the most beautiful place in Indonesia </p>

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With HTML, users can create or arrange headings, paragraphs, images, links, and more so that many people can see through web pages.

To be accessible in general, users need to open it through a browser application, such as Internet Explorer, Chrome, or Mozilla Firefox.

After knowing the meaning of HTML above, you may be curious about how the history of HTML was born to date? For that, let's first look at the following history of HTML.

History

In 1980 a physicist, Tim Berners-Lee, and also a contractor at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) proposed and developed ENQUIRE, a system for CERN scientists to share documents. Nine years later, Berners-Lee proposed an internet-based markup system.[2] Berners-Lee specified HTML and wrote the network and its software in the late 1990s. That same year, Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau, CERN data systems engineer collaborated on a request for funding, but it was not officially accepted by CERN. In his personal notes[3] since 1990 he lists[4] "some of the many areas where hypertext is used" and first placed an encyclopedia.

The first publicly shared description of HTML was a document called "HTML Marks", first mentioned on the Internet by Tim Berners-Lee in late 1991.[5][6] This flag represents the 18 elements of the original, simplified version of HTML. Except for the hyperlink tag, which is heavily influenced by SGMLguid, the in-house Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) based document format at CERN. Eleven of these elements are still present in HTML 4.[7]

HTML is a markup language that browsers use to interpret and write text, images and other material into web pages visually and sound. The basic characteristics for each item of the HTML markup are defined in the browser, and these characteristics can be changed or enhanced by using additional CSS web page designers. Many text elements are found in the 1988 ISO technical report TR 9537 Techniques for using SGML, which in turn includes features of early text formatting languages such as those used by RUNOFF commanders developed in the early 1960s for operating systems: these format commands come from command used by typists to manually format CTSS documents. However, the SGML concept of generic bookmarks is based on elements rather than just print effects, with the separation of structure and markup as well; HTML has increasingly moved in this direction with CSS.

HTML version history

November 24, 1995

HTML 2.0 was published as IETF RFC 1866. The addition of the RFC enhances the ability to:

November 25, 1995: RFC 1867 (upload files by shape)

May 1996: RFC 1942 (table)

August 1996: RFC 1980 (client based image maps)

January 1997: RFC 2070 (internationalization)

January 14, 1997

HTML 3.2[8] is published as the World Wide Web Consortium. This version is the first version specifically developed and standardized by the World Wide Web Consortium, as the IETF closed its HTML working group on September 12, 1996.[9]

Originally called "Wilbur",[10] HTML 3.2 omitted the mathematical formulas altogether which were conciliating the overlapping case between the various holdings and adopted most of the visual bookmarks from Netscape. The flickering element from Netscape and the marquee element from Microsoft were removed due to a mutual agreement between the two companies.[11] A markup for a mathematical formula similar to that in HTML did not become standardized until 14 months later in MathML.

18 December 1997

HTML 4.0[12] was published as a W3C recommendation. This version has 3 variations, namely:

Strictly, where deprecated elements are prohibited.

Transitional, where deprecated elements are allowed.

Frameset, where mostly only elements related to the frame are allowed.

Formerly codenamed "Cougar",[10] HTML 4.0 adopted many element types and attributes specific to browsers.HTML 4 is an SGML application according to ISO 8879 – SGML.[13]

HTML 2.0—(RFC 1866) approved as standard September 22, 1995,

HTML 3.2—January 14, 1996,

HTML 4.0—December 18, 1997,

HTML 4.01 (minor fixes)—December 24, 1999,

ISO/IEC 15445:2000[link permanently disabled] ("ISO HTML", based on HTML 4.01 Strict)—May 15, 2000.

HTML 5 (stable) W3C recommendation—October 28, 2014.