Script language or script is a form of programming language that acts as a support or complement to a program. That is, program code with scripting language will be inserted into a large or complex program code. When a programmer adds a script to the source code, then he will be able to realize certain functionality in the resulting program.
Although included in the type of programming language, there are special characteristics that mark a script. The main feature lies in the script language execution process that can run without going through compilation. This is different from other programming languages that require an IDE (Integrated Development Environment) to go through the compilation process. If compilation fails, then the program cannot run as expected. Examples of programming languages other than scripts are Java, C++, C#, C, and others
In the script, execution goes through the interpreter where the program can still run even though there are problems or errors. The form of the error will still be displayed as a guide for the programmer. Writing script languages can also be done through simpler tools such as text editors such as Notepad++.
Script Types and Examples
Since it was first introduced in 1970, scripting has continued to grow rapidly. Until now, the types of scripting that have existed and still exist are listed in the following explanation.
Server Based Scripting
As the name implies, server-based scripting means that the scripting is done on the server. The term for communication on the server is called server-side. Types of scripting languages can be characterized by user knowledge as limited to the final output. Examples of programming languages for server-based scripts include:
Python: The popular programming language is easy to learn and very flexible. Python has been widely used for Command Line Interface (CLI), Internet of Things (IoT), websites, desktop applications, and much more. This programming language can even be applied to object-oriented programming (OOP) and procedural paradigms.
Perl: Perl has the advantage of being a scripting language with high processing speed, allows excellent string management, and has high backward compatibility. In most of the CGI programming, the program developers have used Perl as their "weapon".
Ruby: The Ruby language is becoming increasingly popular because it doesn't require a complex syntax, offers good exception resolution, and provides a garbage collector for removing obsolete information. However these scripting languages still tend to be slower to run.
PHP: The presence of PHP is proven to be able to produce quality website products because it is combined with HTML. This scripting language can also be run on various operating systems such as Windows, Mac, and Linux. In addition, PHP is very easy and flexible to configure with web servers such as Apache.
Client Based Scripting
In contrast to server-based scripting, in client-based scripting there are users who can do scripting via the user's computer. Examples of programming languages for client-based scripts include:
JavaScript: Being the first and most popular scripting language because it is flexible, dynamic, and works with web browsers such as Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, to Internet Explore.
Java (plugin): Can work well on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) which is claimed to be the fastest and most efficient execution platform available today.
Adobe Flash (Plugin): A scripting language suitable for building websites dynamic and interactive. For example when you need animation and bitmap effects.
History
At the beginning of the mainframe computer era in the 1950s, computers at that time were not interactive, all processes were carried out in batches (a series of instructions were executed in one process). IBM Job Control Language (JCL) is one of the oldest known scripting languages used to control batch processes.
The first text-based interactive interface was developed since the 1960s which allows users to directly interact with these computers, every command typed by the user will be directly executed by the system, users can also take advantage of these interactive facilities to write instructions in one file that can be executed by the system as a batch process.
Certain programming languages such as Tcl and Lua are specifically designed as general-purpose scripting languages that can be embedded as libraries into the main application thereby providing script execution features in a wide variety of applications. Other languages such as Visual Basic (VBA) provide close integration with system automation facilities with a number of features and capabilities that are quite rich in enabling system administrators to do many things related to the system automatically, although the existence of these features and capabilities is often used by a group of people. certain to create a computer virus.
Some software companies provide a number of scripting languages in the products they market. Modern web browsers today generally provide scripting languages that are intended to create additional features on the browser including providing facilities that allow these scripts to interact with users, the most common example of scripting language used in this case is JavaScript, or XUL.
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